Saksagan
Edward I and the French Deception
One of the few setbacks in Edward I’s rule over Aquitaine occurred due to a clever piece of bad faith by Philip IV, which...
Rebellion in Gascony and Intervention by Castile
Even after Simon de Montfort was removed from his government in Gascony, unrest continued. The local barons, dissatisfied with English rule, rebelled once again....
Poitou and the Limits of French Expansion
Even after the death of Arthur of Brittany and the forfeiture of John’s claims, Aquitaine remained under English control. The neighboring county of Poitou,...
Early Public Health Resources in Bulgaria
According to the first population census in 1893, Bulgaria had around 4,000,000 inhabitants. At that time, the public health system was very limited in...
People’s Republic of Bulgaria Overview
The People’s Republic of Bulgaria is located in Southeast Europe. The country covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers. At the end of...
Christian and Pagan Beliefs in Bulgarian Folk Art
Bulgarian folk art clearly shows a close intertwining of Christian and pre-Christian, or pagan, ideas and beliefs. Even though the objects were often created...
A New Vision That Explains the First
After Saint John’s next vision, the meaning of the earlier vision becomes clearer. In the Book of Revelation, John describes a second beast that...
The Imperial Cult as a Political Issue
For Christians in the Roman Empire, refusing to offer sacrifice to the emperor was not only a religious decision. In Roman eyes, it was...
Meat Sacrifices and Public Ceremonies
In the ancient pagan world, religious ceremonies often included animal sacrifices. After the sacrifice, the meat was shared among the people. This practice allowed...
The Hebdomon as a Gathering Place for Imperial Armies
The plain of the Hebdomon played a major role in the military and political life of the Byzantine Empire. Many important emperors and generals...
